Sources, examples & methodology

• Basis points: 100 basis points equal one percentage point. A rate’s percentage-point change and its relative percentage change use different calculations.
• 52-week ranges: Compare prices on the same adjustment basis and date. Range position measures location within that range; probability and trade signals require their own analysis.
• Exposure: Gross notional, net notional, delta-equivalent exposure and maximum loss answer different questions. A position with near-zero net exposure can retain substantial risk.
• Gamma exposure: Gamma units, multiplier, spot and the assumed position sign determine the result. Public open interest supplies contract counts; the model supplies the signed position assumption.
• Options flow: An ask-side execution identifies the trade price against the quote. Position effect and relationships among prints require separate information about opening or closing instructions and the complete order.
• Strategy payoffs: Expiration diagrams use their stated legs and multiplier. Fees, early assignment, dividends, exercise rules and interim margin requirements affect the full trade outcome.

The calculator uses European Black–Scholes pricing, calendar days divided by 365, continuous interest and dividend yields, and each row’s stated contract multiplier. The signed position is an input, and every contract carries positive remaining time and volatility.

Signed share gamma = gamma × signed contracts × multiplier. Dollar GEX per 1% move = share gamma × spot² × 0.01. The calculator’s inputs are hypothetical, and the sign assigned to each position defines the dealer book the model represents.

The wall rules follow the product’s strike-selection rule:

• The call wall is the largest positive net GEX strictly above spot.
• The put wall is the most negative net GEX strictly below spot.
• The teaching calculator resolves equal values to the lower strike.

These are net-GEX rankings. Raw call or put open-interest counts measure a different quantity. Use the selected concentrations as model reference levels, then read support and resistance from the price context.

The curve recomputes gamma as spot changes and shows all sign crossings detected on its stated grid. It refines each crossing by repricing between the two sample points. A smaller step separates crossings that sit close together, and a wider price range reaches crossings beyond the grid.

Implied volatility. IV percentile counts historical observations strictly below the current IV. Equal observations remain outside that count. IV rank = (current − low) ÷ (high − low) × 100 over the supplied sample, and a current IV beyond the lookback range produces a rank outside 0–100. The event-repricing calculator uses hypothetical inputs, European Black-Scholes, calendar days ÷ 365 and continuous carry, excluding fees and exercise. Full repricing updates every selected input; the local approximation uses the initial Greeks, so the gap between the two results is what the Greeks leave out of the shock. Theta is per calendar day; vega is per volatility percentage point.

VWAP. VWAP = sum(price × quantity) ÷ sum(quantity) over the supplied transaction prices and quantities. An anchored calculation includes the selected anchor row, and row order defines the session. The calculator uses hypothetical inputs and shows the anchored benchmark beside full-session VWAP. Fees sit outside both figures and add to the cost of an execution separately.

Volume profile. Bins use a stated origin and width, include their lower edge and exclude their upper edge. The point of control (POC) is the highest-volume bin, and equal volumes resolve to the lower price. The value area starts at the POC and adds the larger adjacent bin first, choosing the lower-price side on a tie; empty bins keep the area contiguous. Whole bins enter the value area, so the covered fraction it reports can exceed the target. Session, input price, binning and value-area rules define a profile, and two profiles compare directly when those settings match.

Basis points. Annual amount = principal × decimal rate. Assumes a constant balance for one year, simple interest, and no compounding or additional fees. A change from 4% to 4.25% is +25 bp; its relative increase is 6.25%.

52-week range. Below high = (high − price) ÷ high. Above low = (price − low) ÷ low. Range position = (price − low) ÷ (high − low). Values can extend beyond 0–100% after a new high or low. None is a probability, forecast, or trade signal.

Position exposure. Gross = long + short; net = long − short. Option share equivalents = signed contracts × shares per contract × delta. Dollar delta = share equivalents × underlying price. Delta is local and changes with price, time, and volatility. Offsets across different underlyings depend on their actual moves. These outputs do not calculate account equity, margin, capital at risk, or maximum loss.

Position Greeks. Approximation per share = delta × Δprice + ½ × gamma × Δprice² + vega × ΔIV points + theta × elapsed days. Multiply by signed contracts × shares per contract. It holds the input Greeks fixed and omits cross terms, interest rates, dividends and higher derivatives. Large moves, long elapsed periods and near-expiration positions require full repricing in the options profit calculator. Vendors can quote vega per decimal volatility or theta per year; convert to the units shown here first.

Strategy payoff. Strategy pages chart the worked example’s expiration payoff with the options profit calculator’s pricing: maximum profit, maximum loss, breakevens and profit probability come from the same legs. Each panel states the volatility, rate and days behind its probability: the example’s own values where it gives them, otherwise 25% volatility, a 4% rate and 45 days. All legs share one expiration, and an early short-leg assignment can create a stock position while the long hedge remains open. Build This Strategy opens the legs in the calculator, where you set live prices, dates and costs.

Order-block retest sizing. Hypothetical inputs. Shares = floor((budget − fixed costs)/(entry-stop distance + stop allowance)), with zero size when costs exhaust the budget. The target scenario uses the stated target fill and excludes additional target slippage. Compare the planned stop fill with entry, and budget for execution gaps and borrowing separately. The zone comes from the selected candle rule. Activate it after the chosen confirmation and use only bars available at entry.

Execution fills. Hypothetical inputs. Gross premium = sum(fill price × contracts × shares per contract). Buy-fill cost compares this chosen group with its initial offer; a negative result means a lower aggregate cost. Read the weighted price and gross traded dollars together, then inspect related contracts to understand the position structure. Account-level instructions establish each position’s opening or closing status; the next published open-interest count tracks aggregate growth.